Cemetery urbanism presents a unique lens to examine settlement patterns within graveyard environments. This paper delves into the distinctive case of the Cementerio del Norte, now known as the Manila North Cemetery, one of the Philippines' oldest public burial grounds, dating back to the Spanish colonial era. It examines the funeral practices and burial customs while also investigating the living conditions of informal settlers inside the public cemetery. Adopting a comprehensive research methodology, this study integrates archival research, field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey of the quality of living in accordance with the provisions outlined in the national building code and other relevant laws to provide a multidisciplinary study and analysis of the urban dynamics within the memorial ground. Through archival research, the morphology of the cemetery's architectural layout for the departed and the living community is explored. Field observations offer first-hand insights into the spatial organization, infrastructural challenges, and socioeconomic activities within the cemetery's confines. Interviews with residents and stakeholders shed light on the lived experiences, aspirations, and struggles of the informal settlers, unraveling the complex sociocultural fabric that intertwines with the cemetery's physicality. Furthermore, FGDs serve as a platform for community voices to articulate their perspectives on issues such as housing, sanitation, and access to basic needs. The findings reveal cemetery urbanism as a response to socioeconomic marginalization, urban overcrowding, and housing shortages in Manila. Despite adversaries, this cemetery emerges as a resilient and adaptive space where communities forge unique identities, foster social networks, and negotiate their right to the city. In conclusion, this study identifies the need for inclusive urban planning strategies recognizing the complex realities of impoverished communities within unconventional built environments. By amplifying the voices of marginalized communities, it advocates for holistic approaches to urban development prioritizing dignity, equity, and social justice.

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Cemetery Urbanism: An Architectural Examination of Unique Settlement Patterns of Living Population in Graveyard Environments “The Case of the Manila North Cemetery”

  • Sarah Jane S. Pahimnayan-Pagador,
  • Emilie Tiburcio Garcia,
  • Samantha A. Doyola,
  • Jem Harriette A. Cardeño

摘要

Cemetery urbanism presents a unique lens to examine settlement patterns within graveyard environments. This paper delves into the distinctive case of the Cementerio del Norte, now known as the Manila North Cemetery, one of the Philippines' oldest public burial grounds, dating back to the Spanish colonial era. It examines the funeral practices and burial customs while also investigating the living conditions of informal settlers inside the public cemetery. Adopting a comprehensive research methodology, this study integrates archival research, field observations, interviews, focus group discussions, and a survey of the quality of living in accordance with the provisions outlined in the national building code and other relevant laws to provide a multidisciplinary study and analysis of the urban dynamics within the memorial ground. Through archival research, the morphology of the cemetery's architectural layout for the departed and the living community is explored. Field observations offer first-hand insights into the spatial organization, infrastructural challenges, and socioeconomic activities within the cemetery's confines. Interviews with residents and stakeholders shed light on the lived experiences, aspirations, and struggles of the informal settlers, unraveling the complex sociocultural fabric that intertwines with the cemetery's physicality. Furthermore, FGDs serve as a platform for community voices to articulate their perspectives on issues such as housing, sanitation, and access to basic needs. The findings reveal cemetery urbanism as a response to socioeconomic marginalization, urban overcrowding, and housing shortages in Manila. Despite adversaries, this cemetery emerges as a resilient and adaptive space where communities forge unique identities, foster social networks, and negotiate their right to the city. In conclusion, this study identifies the need for inclusive urban planning strategies recognizing the complex realities of impoverished communities within unconventional built environments. By amplifying the voices of marginalized communities, it advocates for holistic approaches to urban development prioritizing dignity, equity, and social justice.