This chapter explores the transformation of the U.S. presidency from a constitutionally restrained office into an increasingly dominant force, enabled not only by executive ambition but by the quiet retreat of congressional oversight and judicial independence. Tracing this evolution across administrations from Reagan to Trump 2.0—with a particular focus on the Sole-Organ Doctrine in foreign policy—it reveals how successive presidents have expanded their authority in international affairs by invoking constitutional ambiguity and exploiting institutional passivity. While Reagan weaponized ideology, Clinton practiced pragmatic multilateralism, and Bush Sr. built coalitions, later administrations increasingly turned to unilateralism and executive-driven diplomacy: Bush Jr. in the wake of 9/11, Obama with his calibrated balancing act, Trump with emotionally charged executive maneuvers, and Biden’s tentative efforts to restore norms. Central to the analysis is Congress’s long-standing failure to assert its constitutional role. Instead of providing counterbalance, legislative actors have shifted from oversight to obedience—ceding space and authority in moments where democratic friction was most needed. The judiciary, too, plays a critical role, especially as recent rulings signal a willingness to legitimize sweeping presidential powers under the guise of national interest. As the presidency becomes not just powerful but emotionally resonant—driven by identity politics, crisis narratives, and digital persuasion—the chapter argues that American governance risks abandoning its foundational architecture. Restoring congressional engagement and judicial independence is not merely a procedural imperative—it is essential to reclaim democratic resilience in a global environment defined by instability, polarization, and executive performance.

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Dominion Rising: The Retreat of Congress and the Ascent of Authoritarian Power

  • Adebowale Akande,
  • Douglas Kellner,
  • Louis Fisher,
  • Mark Goodman,
  • Armin Krishnan,
  • Vito Bobek,
  • Graham G. Dodds,
  • Jose F. Pinto,
  • E. Vince Carter,
  • Kath C. Williams,
  • Steven G. Koven,
  • David Jones

摘要

This chapter explores the transformation of the U.S. presidency from a constitutionally restrained office into an increasingly dominant force, enabled not only by executive ambition but by the quiet retreat of congressional oversight and judicial independence. Tracing this evolution across administrations from Reagan to Trump 2.0—with a particular focus on the Sole-Organ Doctrine in foreign policy—it reveals how successive presidents have expanded their authority in international affairs by invoking constitutional ambiguity and exploiting institutional passivity. While Reagan weaponized ideology, Clinton practiced pragmatic multilateralism, and Bush Sr. built coalitions, later administrations increasingly turned to unilateralism and executive-driven diplomacy: Bush Jr. in the wake of 9/11, Obama with his calibrated balancing act, Trump with emotionally charged executive maneuvers, and Biden’s tentative efforts to restore norms. Central to the analysis is Congress’s long-standing failure to assert its constitutional role. Instead of providing counterbalance, legislative actors have shifted from oversight to obedience—ceding space and authority in moments where democratic friction was most needed. The judiciary, too, plays a critical role, especially as recent rulings signal a willingness to legitimize sweeping presidential powers under the guise of national interest. As the presidency becomes not just powerful but emotionally resonant—driven by identity politics, crisis narratives, and digital persuasion—the chapter argues that American governance risks abandoning its foundational architecture. Restoring congressional engagement and judicial independence is not merely a procedural imperative—it is essential to reclaim democratic resilience in a global environment defined by instability, polarization, and executive performance.