According to the canon of ex oriente lux (“light from the East”), Mesopotamia and its early Sumerian civilization were credited for the development of early urbanized settlements and of urban life-ways, for the introduction of the plough and the potter’s wheel, for the early smelting of metal, for the first use of writing numbers and writing language. Mesopotamia is also credited for the invention of wheel and wagon. However, recent investigations have produced unequivocal evidence that none of these innovations originated in Mesopotamia. All the achievements mentioned in the foregoing and a series of further impressive developments originated in Europe, some 2000 years earlier than the prime time of civilization in Mesopotamia. This distance in the horizon of cultural history underscores the high age and the swift advancement of the Danube civilization, illustrating the principle of ex occidente lux (“light from the West”). A special box forms part of this chapter: Timeline of cultural evolution and ancient civilizations (presenting the whole panorama of ancient civilizations and specifying the position of Old Europe).