Research institutions, as the research base for national key projects and technologies, store a large amount of research data. Therefore, ensuring the network security of research institutions’ information systems is of great significance. Wireless sensor networks refer to efficient, dynamic, and sustainable wireless network systems composed of a large number of intelligent nodes or terminals in a wireless environment. By collaborating between nodes, relevant data within the target area of the network system is collected and transmitted to the aggregation node using single-hop or multi-hop methods, thereby effectively monitoring and ensuring the operation of the network security system. Based on this, this paper proposes a trust-based wireless sensor network security routing protocol (TBSEER), establishing a comprehensive trust model from the behavioral and energy dimensions of wireless network sensor nodes, and optimizing the network security path using QoS metrics, providing support for research institutions to find the best secure routing. Related simulation experiments show that the trust-based wireless sensor network security routing protocol (TBSEER) can quickly identify malicious nodes in the network system, resist common routing attacks, and ensure the security and efficiency of network information transmission.