With the rapid advancement of information technology, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged like mushrooms after rain, profoundly affecting every corner of society, and the education sector is no exception. In Chinese universities, AI is quietly helping to make a leap in the quality of piano teaching. For students who are new to playing piano keys, self-assessment and misidentification are major challenges, often making it difficult to accurately capture flaws and deficiencies in performance. In response to this pain point, this article innovatively proposes a piano playing music recognition and real-time error correction system based on advanced AI technology. During the performance, the system can provide real-time feedback on the performer’s performance, not only pointing out errors, but also providing improvement suggestions, thereby helping learners recognize their shortcomings and make corrections in a timely manner. The experimental results show that the application of this system significantly improves the learning efficiency and quality of piano beginners, reducing skill bottlenecks caused by error accumulation. After receiving immediate feedback, learners are able to practice more targetedly, accelerate skill improvement, and cultivate good self reflection and adjustment abilities.