The Use of New Biologically Based Technological Development in the Management of Crown-of-Thorns Sea Stars
摘要
Crown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS) outbreaks represent one of the biggest threats to scleractinian coral reefs across the Indo-Pacific, and this threat is further exacerbated by ocean warming, cyclones and ocean acidification. There is currently a large collective effort by stakeholders across Indo-Pacific nations to develop technologies to accurately manage (predict, monitor and reduce) these outbreaks. Emerging technologies include: low-cost and high-throughput eDNA profiling of seawater (biosensors) to accurately count the abundance of CoTS in a local area; developing chemosensory attractants and dispersants to herd CoTS for efficient removal; desynchronising CoTS reproduction by altering the timing of CoTS reproductive cues; producing CoTS with lower fecundity through gene editing/contraceptives; using machine learning technologies and robots to automatically detect and cull CoTS; making CoTS more susceptible to diseases through microbiome manipulation to reduce population sizes; strategically planting corals more resilient to CoTS predation, e.g., more venomous corals; and facilitating the predation of CoTS by increasing the numbers of CoTS predators through marine protected area (MPA) designation and habitat restoration. In this chapter, we discuss the emerging technologies and considerations that should be taken into account to effectively manage CoTS outbreaks for future reef resilience.