Moving into adulthood presents a new series of opportunities and challenges including different experiences of health and illness. The character of these is dependent upon the socio-cultural and historic setting. Over the past sixty years there have been a series of studies of social representations of health and illness in different contexts. This chapter considers studies conducted in several countries in western Europe. Each of these studies was conducted in a different socio-cultural location and also had certain theoretical and methodological innovations. The chapter considers the role of the different settings and research approaches.