Since the introduction of social representation theory in the 1950s, it has attracted sustained discussion leading to developments in theory. In addition, from the outset, researchers have used a range of different research designs including both quantitative and qualitative methods. It all depended on the topic under investigation and the particular approach within social representation theory. A feature of social representation research is the desire to explore the diversity of perspectives rather than a single uniform perspective. As such, qualitative methods have proved particularly suited to exploring this diversity. In this chapter we review the basic principles of social representation theory, its developments and connections with other theories. We also consider the methods used in the original studies and the various qualitative methods that have been introduced in some subsequent studies.