Crop productionCrop production in the arid landsArid lands of developing countriesDeveloping countries has been significantly constrained due to the impact of climate changeClimate change. The increase in temperaturesTemperature and greenhouse gases emissions induced by climate change have a direct impact on agricultureAgriculture activities, due to water scarcityWater scarcity, increased soil salinization and subsequent reduction in crops choices, as well as increased droughtsDrought and dry spells. Other factors affecting agricultural performance inArid arid landsArid lands are multi-faceted, including but not necessarily limited to, lack of improved climate-resilientResilient crop varieties, lack of timely availability of inputs and farm machinery for crop harvesting, and storage facilities, etc. The persistent climate changeClimate change impact without mitigationMitigation measures will surely hamper global agricultureAgriculture in general and arid land agricultureAgriculture in particular, where it affects both irrigated and rainfed agricultureAgriculture. InnovationsInnovations in agricultural technologies and their adoption by farmers at large have always been important and will be even more vital in the context of climate changeClimate change. Potential innovative biotechnological researchResearch ideas (introduction of biological nitrogen fixation character in non-legume plants, water absorption by stomata from atmosphere, enhancing photosynthesis rate by doubling sunlight absorption by plants leaves, opening and closing of stomata at high and low temperaturesTemperature to control CO2 absorption and reduction in transpiration, reducing postharvest food losses and wasteFood losses and waste) are proposed for the green revolution to feedFeed the current and escalating populationEscalating population. These technologies once developed, tested and proven successful must be transferred to farmers for wider adoption in over 571 million farms, especially inArid arid regionsArid regions. In order to develop innovative technologies, effective policy options need to be designed, and the government should support and encourage farmers to boost crop productionCrop production for food securityFood security and agricultural development. Finally, it should be noted that the development of new innovative technologies needs the interest of governments and international organizations to invest in agricultural researchResearch to boost crop production to feedFeed the growing populationPopulation. Only such an approach can enable vulnerable communities ofArid arid landsArid lands to use the natural resources in a sustainable manner to ensure food security in the future.