Arid landsArid lands are geographically distributed on the globe. They usually receive lower rainfall than the cold humid regions. Therefore, an aridArid region is often considered water scarce, in which crop productionCrop production and consequently food securityFood security is significantly affected. The impact of climate change (emission of greenhouse gases and subsequent warming, low and infrequent rainfall) will further affect the volume and quality of water resources in arid landsArid lands. The reduced aquifer recharge and recycling of groundwater for irrigation will increase the marginality of the groundwater for better crop productionCrop production, thus the crop production may be improvised and affects the food securityFood security. In this chapter a comprehensive review of the water resources (conventional and non-conventional) of the arid region countries are amassed, the impact of climate changeClimate change on water resources highlighted, recommendations are given for strategic integrated water managementWater management in the aridArid region countries to intensify crop production for food security. Water withdrawal by agricultureAgriculture sector to total withdrawal in arid region countries is presented. Finally, developmental policies and legal framework are suggested to mitigate the impact of climate change for sustainable use of water resources for food securityFood security.