The Impact of climate change is a major concern for agricultureAgriculture and global food securityFood security. Changes in agro-ecological conditions due to climate changeClimate change are feared to create favorable conditions for agricultural pestsAgricultural pests, which could affect crops and disrupt food systems. Climatic factors, including increased temperaturesTemperature, elevated carbon dioxide levels, changing rainfall patterns and distribution, have significant impacts on crop productionCrop production as well as on agricultural pests and beneficial insects such as natural enemies and pollinators. As a consequence of climate change, the diversity and abundance of agricultural pestsAgricultural pests have changed, and their distribution have extended far beyond their geographical range. New invasive insect pests and pathogens have emerged, and the effectiveness of biological control agents, especially natural enemies of insect pests, has been significantly impacted. These changes have led to reduced efficacy of crop protection technologies and the increase dependence on chemical pesticides, posing a serious threat to global agriculture, food securityFood security systems, environmental sustainabilitySustainability, and human health. This chapter reviews the impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests and pathogens, particularly invasive speciesInvasive species, and examines the effects of climate changeClimate change on beneficial insects and their interactions with insect pests and crop plants. Additionally, the review explored pesticide overusePesticide overuse as a consequence of climate change, and potential effects on human health and the environment. Finally, strategies to prevent, mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change on pests and pesticide use is discussed. This is of crucial importance and a key element of sustainable agricultureAgriculture and future food security, and is integral to the long-term viability of the environment and human health.