AridArid landsArid lands are distributed around the globe and are dominant in areas which have high temperatureTemperature and limited rainfall. Based on the scientific assessment, soils can be categorized into different soil taxa. Each taxa presents suitability for different uses. A land can be unsuitable for agricultureAgriculture production but may be vital for grazing or other potential uses, such as source of construction or industrial materials e.g., gravelly and gypsum rich soils respectively. Therefore, it makes sense to use the soils rationally based on science based information for informed decisions for sustainable soil governanceSoil governance. This suggests national systems to have an agenda for soil governance for better services for food securityFood security and ecosystem servicesEcosystem services without compromising the soil qualities. This chapter first outlines essential features of soil governance, potential authorities responsible for international and national level soil governanceSoil governance. The international review has revealed that there is no an overarching international body responsible for international soil governance, amid the creation of UN-FAO sponsored Global Soil Partnership, which educate and aware international communities the values of soils. Thus, it is evident that there is no central body at national or international levels designated for soil governance, but this responsibility is partially distributed to different national institutes e.g. land use authorities, municipalities, ministries etc. These authorities, unfortunately, occasionally allocate prime arable landArable land for housing projects and thus these lands are sealed forever, and cannot be reversed for crop productionCrop production and food security. In the author’s opinion, such land allocation/governance rights to be given to national soil science societiesSoil science societies for final approval of land for different projects, keeping in mind that no prime arable landsArable land are used other than crop productionCrop production and food securityFood security, and the housing projects and development of new cities to be planned on marginalMarginal quality lands, which will never be brought to crop productionCrop production or food security projects, without amending the marginality level. The Sustainable Development GoalSustainable Development Goal (SDG) “land degradation neutrality” on its own is not a comprehensive soil policy, but it is forward looking planning element in particular starting point for guiding national policies and further work. It is therefore, essential to develop treaties on soil protectionSoil protection, to address gapsGaps and shortcoming in current national and international soil governanceSoil governance, leading to the provision of long terms sustainable food securityFood security and ecosystem servicesEcosystem services.