As a region with a significantly large population, ASEAN has a small representation of women in leadership positions and public policymakers. Meanwhile, it has been empirically proven that quality economic growth requires the perspective and participation of all parties, including women. This study examines the determinants of women’s involvement in leadership positions, especially in the parliament of selected ASEAN member countries using a dataset from 2008 to 2022. We employ the LSDV model to measure the influence of income per capita, level of democracy, corruption control, and government effectiveness on outcome variables. The results suggest that income per capita, level of democracy and control of corruption have a significant impact on women’s involvement in politics, while government effectiveness is proven to have no effect. This study provides a reference for policymakers on the importance of improving the level of democracy through the implementation of a good electoral process ensuring pluralism, advocating for quota fulfillment of female parliamentarians, and participation of all parties to foster equality.