Examining Academics’ Perceptions of Technology Acceptance in Statistics Education: A Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Approach
摘要
The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a proposed model utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to forecast student perceptions of statistics education with advanced technology. A total of 379 undergraduate students from Malaysia’s East Coast region were recruited using a simple random sampling technique. The Pooled Confirmatory Factor Analysis (PCFA) was employed to assess the factor loadings and fitness of the model being tested. Moreover, the Composite Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) were established to assess their reliability and validity. The results from the PCFA method were further validated through Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to verify the consistency of the findings. The findings from both methods suggest that all constructs in the model are reliable, valid, and consistent. The NCA provided additional insights into the effect size of each variable, offering the researcher a deeper understanding of item quality, beyond the reliance on CFA alone. Furthermore, NCA’s less stringent assumptions make it suitable for a wide range of circumstances, further enhancing the robustness of the study’s outputs.