Face Swelling
摘要
Facial swelling is a common chief complaint both in the outpatient and emergency room settings and can occur due to nephrotic syndrome, which is often overlooked for more common diagnoses. This case highlights the importance of considering nephrotic syndrome, and the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome, minimal change disease, in the differential diagnosis of facial edema, especially when accompanied by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia. Nephrotic syndrome, marked by significant protein loss in the urine, can lead to edema, with facial swelling being a common early manifestation. Early recognition is crucial to prevent potentially life-threatening complications like fluid imbalances, infections, acute kidney injury, and thromboembolism. Differentiating nephrotic syndrome from other causes of facial swelling, such as allergies, facial injury or infection, and sinusitis, requires quick clinical decision-making and identification of need for urinalysis and serum testing. When identified, new-onset nephrotic syndrome often requires initiation of protein (in the form of albumin), diuretics, fluid and salt restriction, steroids, and consultation with nephrology.