This chapter describes the field of human ethology and the work of some of the contributors to the field, Konrad Lorenz, Nikko Tinbergen and Iranäus Eibl- Eibesfeldt. Some important concepts like imprinting and bonding are described as they impact the development of children. Communication of signals and a focus on understanding others’s behavior are seen as crucial evolutionary achievements in cooperative problem-solving and the formation of families and other social groups. Concepts like critical period for learning, the importance of territoriality and aggression (including play fighting) are described as common issues during childhood. Touch is an important element in the development of social bonds, which is discouraged in many preschools and schools in countries like the US., such as play fighting and rough and tumble play. We described the concept of specialized intelligence and cooperative breeding, as well as the altricial natura of human infants.