Paradoxical Interventions and Cybernetic Interactions in Family Therapy
摘要
This chapter describes a family therapy approach most useful with “difficult families” in which there is much resistance to change. Often the child exhibits difficult problems, such as anorexia nervosa or somatization problems which are difficult to treat. The Milan school of family therapy developed an approach involving a therapeutic team which consults with the main therapists, who are in the therapist’s office with the family. The symptoms are explored in terms of their meaning, their possible function as communications or “adaptations” to achieve certain goals. The family is seen as a system, not as a set of individuals each with their own problems. The therapeutic team examines the paradoxical nature of symptoms and often offers counter-paradoxes, i.e. prescriptions that disbalance the equilibrium of the family and maintain the original symptom. These may consist of prescribing the symptoms, advising the family not to change, and the symptomatic child may be advised to “continue to do what they are already doing” as this is an act of love vis a vis the family. This strategy often leads to real change.