The Confusion of Tongues and Difficult Parent–Child Relationships: The Work of Sandor Ferenczi
摘要
The work of Sandor Ferenczi has been “rediscovered” recently after many years of neglect. He was a pioneer in describing a number of psychic phenomena of high relevance today. One was the “reality of child abuse” in its different forms. He described the mechanism of “confusion of tongues” between the child and the adult: the child speaking the language of tenderness and the adult the language of passion(sexualized) as a mechanism for the sexual abuse of children. Also, he described the phenomenon of “alien presences” in the mind when a child has been maltreated, which torment the mind and make the child act in a negative way. Projective identification was described by him, in which the therapist “adopts” projections from the patient and starts acting as the patient expects. Ferenczi advocated for a “compensatory” or healing approach in the therapeutic relationship in which genuine care, kindness, and emotional involvement of the therapist help heal the patient from the negative experiences from childhood. He warned against the “hypocrisy” of the therapist hiding behind technical maneuvers and theoretical ideas of manuals to conduct a sort of standardized psychotherapy.