This chapter focuses on the “French school” of infant and early childhood mental health. We give a central role to the contributions of Serge Lebovici and several of his colleagues. Lebovici was a pioneer in the field of infant mental health as it exists now. He practiced therapeutic consultations in the office and also in the home of new parents. He used a number of strategies like observing the spontaneous verbalizations of parents, their fantasies about their baby, and the “bath of affects” with which they invest their child. He highlighted concepts like fantasmatic interactions (the view of the baby as influenced by the past experiences and “images” in the parent’s mind). He underlined the notion of “transgenerational mandate” and pathology of destiny with which some children are burdened since the earliest part of their life, having to fulfill certain expectations that they may not be able to carry out. Also, this chapter describes therapeutic maneuvers, including observing the “choreography” of the session and the therapist noticing how his or her body feels during the session (enaction), which may guide the understanding of the child, the parents, and the family as a whole.