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In this section, we scrutinize the energy equipartition principle, a pillar of statistical physics, that can be easily derived under the assumption that the canonical ensemble applies to the phenomenon of interest. This principle constitutes the basis of countless results of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium physics, since it is needed to connect the microscopic molecular motions with the thermodynamic macroscopic quantities. However, its simplicity, particularly within the realm of the canonical ensemble, may lead into error about the thermodynamic descriptions.

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Energy Equipartition, Virial Theorem, Boyle’s Law

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Carlos Mejía-Monasterio,
  • Lamberto Rondoni

摘要

In this section, we scrutinize the energy equipartition principle, a pillar of statistical physics, that can be easily derived under the assumption that the canonical ensemble applies to the phenomenon of interest. This principle constitutes the basis of countless results of both equilibrium and nonequilibrium physics, since it is needed to connect the microscopic molecular motions with the thermodynamic macroscopic quantities. However, its simplicity, particularly within the realm of the canonical ensemble, may lead into error about the thermodynamic descriptions.