This volume presents a comprehensive collection of cutting-edge research on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), featuring contributions from the DEA2024 Conference and leading scholars in the field. Organised into five thematic sections, it highlights both methodological advancements and diverse applications across sectors such as energy, finance, healthcare, education, and industry. The book underscores usefulness of DEA in addressing current challenges, including sustainability, digital transformation, and performance optimisation under uncertainty, reflecting its evolution into a dynamic tool for efficiency analysis and strategic decision-making.