This chapter discusses the 2022 Recommendation on Countering Education Fraud, adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, which addresses various forms of education fraud, including the more complex operations of accreditation mills, essay mills, and diploma mills. The Recommendation was developed by the Council of Europe Platform on Ethics, Transparency and Integrity in Education (ETINED), a network of specialists from 50 member States dedicated to promoting ethical principles in education. ETINED’s mission includes sharing best practices, defining guidelines, and building capacity to foster transparency and integrity in education through a principled approach, advocating for societal commitment to ethical standards rather than relying solely on regulatory measures. The Recommendation emphasises the importance of international cooperation and legal frameworks to combat education fraud, recognising its detrimental impact on public safety, educational quality, and equal access to opportunities. The chapter details the extensive research and collaborative efforts undertaken by ETINED to draft the Recommendation, highlighting the need for a common framework that respects the diverse legal, cultural, and technological contexts of member States whilst promoting academic integrity through a participatory approach. A review of the initial impact after introducing legislation in England to address essay mills is included as a case study of how national legislation can support the 2022 Recommendation. The chapter identifies the importance of a balanced approach between national legislation and international cooperation to effectively address cross-border education fraud to provide a secure foundation to enhance academic integrity and combat education fraud across Europe.