Sudan has been described as an iconic case of multiple diversities that the influence of colonial anthropology has forced us to interpret primarily through their ethno-cultural dimensions. Its historically high level of ethno-tribal diversity and cultural pluralism underwent processes that strengthened dichotomies and legitimised hierarchies for the purpose of political domination during British colonisation (1898–1956) and continued to stimulate debates on “nation-building” throughout the post-colonial period. While diversities have been translated both politically and economically in terms of subordination and marginality, with the resulting civil conflicts and dramatic exploitation, which peaked at the time of the Ingaz regime’s Arabisation and Islamisation policies, the December revolutionary movement placed the dismantling of exclusionist conceptions and practices such as these and the future construction of an inclusive citizenship at the core of its protest.