The conclusion draws together the main themes discussed throughout this book, placing the key findings within two contexts: late medieval European history and the longer-term history of premodern Scotland. It argues that the Scottish state’s alertness to the causes of social unrest led it to adopting measures that addressed sources of social, political and economic tensions before they spiralled into open revolt. Popular politics should not be confined to instances of mass violence, rioting or direct confrontation which can readily be found across England, France, the Italian and Flemish towns and the Spanish kingdoms. The focus on popular protest in late medieval Scotland also has implications for understanding wider themes and issues within Scottish history. A combination of fewer demands of the state, comparatively little exploitation from employers and landlords, and the ability to gain concessions from the crown via informal pressures meant that there was little need for open revolt. Despite the low level of outright conflict, popular politics played a meaningful part in the kingdom’s political, social and economic life and therefore had a direct effect on the shape of late medieval Scotland.