This paper develops new aggregation operators for Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Sets utilizing the Hamacher Aggregation Operator. Specifically, we develop the Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Average (PNHWA) operator and the Pentapartitioned Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Geometric (PNHWG) operator. The fundamental properties of these operators are explored in detail. Additionally, we present an algorithm and propose a PNH-based MCDM model, which is demonstrated through an experimental analysis focusing on the causes of diabetes. To ensure the robustness of our approach, a comparative study is conducted to validate the proposed PNH aggregation operators. This research provides valuable insights into healthcare analysis by addressing the critical factors contributing to diabetes through an advanced decision-making framework. Furthermore, a comparative study is also conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method with other existing approaches.