Forging the Right to Work with Metal: Women and the Struggle for Work in Wollongong
摘要
Once upon a time Australians produced almost everything we used. Iron ore and coal was mined, steel was forged in major works, steel products fabricated everything from the iron on our roofs to the hammers used for DIY—do it yourself. The industry became known as the metal trades industry, employing only men and operating as the most radicalised and unionised of Australia’s workforce. Women in the Australian workforce had a long history of discrimination and were employed in very few industries. The problems were multiplied by the large number of men employed in steel towns. Even when doing the same work, women’s wages were much lower than men’s, despite women’s equal skills and capability. During World War 2 (WW2) women began working in the metal industries, though their presence was still opposed by some employers and unions. After war and hostilities ended, laws forced women out of the workforce to be replaced by men discharged from the military services. This chapter considers the efforts of the Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM), which began in 1969 as an autonomous movement, to end the discriminatory practices locking women out of lucrative positions in the BHP (Broken Hill Proprietary Ltd) AI&S (Australia Iron & Steel) works at Port Kembla in New South Wales. In neighbouring Wollongong, two collectives formed the Jobs for Women Campaign (JFWC), winning jobs then losing them, taking action in the NSW Anti-Discrimination Board and later defending their claims in the Australian High Court. The history, contemporary action, and the outcomes are a tribute to the commitment and courage of the women who fought for the right to work, the right to jobs, and the right to parity of pay in men’s traditional work.