This chapter focuses on the key theories of organization collected in three primary phases: the modernist phase, which includes the classical school; the neoclassical school from the post-Ford era; and, lastly, the contemporary and interdisciplinary approach that incorporates theories related to knowledge management and learning organizations. The different strategies suggested can be viewed as efforts to address a fundamental and widespread issue that has consistently been a concern for all organizations. This issue revolves around selecting the organizational variables to target for intervention, aiming to facilitate structural change and enhance performance levels.