Statistical learning techniques are increasingly being used by practising economists. Some bring new tools while others have existed in different forms as part of the standard econometrics toolbox. The increasing use of those methods is gradually bringing into focus a dichotomy between an emphasis on prediction and algorithms for statistical learning on the one hand and a focus on causal inference and identification in applied econometrics on the other, based on the fact that many causal inference methods rely on a prediction stage (e.g., instrumental variables first stage). Students, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, should complete their training with an understanding of statistical learning models and their interaction with econometrics and statistics.