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This study presents a comprehensive economic comparison of three distinct tugboat types: diesel, dual fuel LNG, and electric tugboats, with a particular focus on cost-competitiveness. The evaluation revolves around the total cost of ownership (TCO) value, encompassing capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX), and voyage costs associated with each tugboat. Through a parametric study, the impact of tugboat utilization per year on the TCO value is meticulously analyzed. Simulating three utilization scenarios: 60 days, 120 days, and 149 days per year, the results reveal that the diesel tugboat exhibits the lowest TCO value for 60 days of operation annually. On the other hand, the dual fuel (LNG) tugboat showcases superior cost-effectiveness for 120 and 149 days of operation per year. These findings greatly contribute to informed decision-making processes, providing valuable insights into the cost-competitiveness of different tugboat options.

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A Comparative Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of Diesel Tugboat, Dual Fuel Tug Boat, and Electric Tug Boat for LNG Carrier Escorting Activities in Indonesia

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Erzad Iskandar Putra,
  • Wasis Dwi Aryawan,
  • Ahmad Nasirudin,
  • Danu Utama,
  • Md. Redzuan Zoolfakar

摘要

This study presents a comprehensive economic comparison of three distinct tugboat types: diesel, dual fuel LNG, and electric tugboats, with a particular focus on cost-competitiveness. The evaluation revolves around the total cost of ownership (TCO) value, encompassing capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX), and voyage costs associated with each tugboat. Through a parametric study, the impact of tugboat utilization per year on the TCO value is meticulously analyzed. Simulating three utilization scenarios: 60 days, 120 days, and 149 days per year, the results reveal that the diesel tugboat exhibits the lowest TCO value for 60 days of operation annually. On the other hand, the dual fuel (LNG) tugboat showcases superior cost-effectiveness for 120 and 149 days of operation per year. These findings greatly contribute to informed decision-making processes, providing valuable insights into the cost-competitiveness of different tugboat options.