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This chapter turns to the diverse contexts in which English colonialism did not play a significant role, e.g. Kachru’s (1992) Expanding Circle. There are certain patterns shared across Expanding Circle contexts, although the spread, take-up and tensions of English in these contexts can be varied. Turning to the Expanding Circle means examining those transmedia narratives that highlight a paradigm shift from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). This chapter focuses on the evolution and development of English in China, the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

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English Beyond the Colonies

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Howard Manns,
  • Zhichang Xu

摘要

This chapter turns to the diverse contexts in which English colonialism did not play a significant role, e.g. Kachru’s (1992) Expanding Circle. There are certain patterns shared across Expanding Circle contexts, although the spread, take-up and tensions of English in these contexts can be varied. Turning to the Expanding Circle means examining those transmedia narratives that highlight a paradigm shift from English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). This chapter focuses on the evolution and development of English in China, the European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).