Research on sustainability science has gathered diverse perspectives in terms of thematic definitions, principles, and theories or practices. This article provides an extensive review and an updated research agenda for the sustainability science field. This paper addresses knowledge gaps in advancing science and solutions for sustainable development. The author explains how sustainability science is an important field as an education mechanism in managing the problems of climate change, and to enable effective policy practices. This research outlines the nature of sustainability science, including a discussion about its role in addressing climate change and sustainability agendas. The research shows that the scope of sustainability science has broadened with connections to multidisciplinary scientific disciplines. At the same time, the author acknowledges that the grand complexity of climate change in the present time remains a concerning practice in the policy field. One key practice is advancing experiments with science, technology, and innovation (STI). STI is observed to be an integrated knowledge domain that is much required to function as a transformative model of sustainability science.