Nowadays, optimising the use of energy resources to reduce energy consumption is essential to stop the cycle of environmental pollution. The Anthropocene, the current geological era that is drowning in overconsumption of resources, where energy plays a key role in achieving the energy and climate goals that many political and legislative agendas have been setting since the first oil crisis, is a double-sided coin. While energy plays a key role in the development of the world economy and the growth and development of ecosystems, it has a major impact, posing a challenge in addressing global warming and the depletion of biodiversity. This chapter aims to examine energy systems in the face of increasing global energy needs, anticipating population and economic growth, and analysing resource availability and potential bottlenecks. It also proposes the earth as a solution based on nature and environmental protection within safe planetary biophysical limits that are already being exceeded.