The Si el Haoues Museum is one of the essential monuments in M’Chouneche and Algeria. The two main materials under investigation in this study are clay bricks and gypsum and lime plaster combination. The microstructure, content, and thermal characteristics of these materials were extensively investigated using sophisticated analytical methods such as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The outcomes show how the materials, which provide both structural integrity and energy efficiency, are suitable for the hard environment of the area. Clay bricks help control temperature because of their moderate heat capacity and thermal conductivity, and the insulating qualities of plaster improve the building’s energy efficiency even further. These findings support sustainable construction techniques in dry regions using locally available resources and offer insightful information on preserving historic buildings.