High levels of task and contextual performance are vital for the success of construction organizations. However, to this date, the antecedents of task and contextual performance have been overlooked in the construction literature. This study addressed this constraint by incorporating task intrinsic motivation and job satisfaction into a predictive model to ascertain the task and contextual performance of construction industry personnel. Since engaging in activities that align with one’s task intrinsic motivation often leads to greater satisfaction with the job, this study also evaluated the mediating role of job satisfaction on task intrinsic motivation and the performance linkage. The data was gathered through a questionnaire survey distributed among construction professionals in Yangon, Myanmar. The findings revealed a favorable direct relationship between job satisfaction and both task and contextual performance. Task intrinsic motivation had a direct and positive impact on job satisfaction and task performance. The influence of task intrinsic motivation on task performance was partly mediated through job satisfaction, whereas its effect on contextual performance was fully mediated through job satisfaction. The results were discussed in a theoretical and practical context.