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We developed AFCAL (An Asteroid Flux Density Calculator for ALMA Observations), Python-based software designed to simulate the brightness temperature and radio flux of asteroids using thermophysical modeling (TPM) calculations. AFCAL numerically solves the heat conduction equation while accounting for thermal radiation from subsurface layers, enabling accurate simulations. By utilizing multiprocessing, AFCAL efficiently performs TPM calculations for each facet of a polygonal-shaped model, fully leveraging all CPU cores for faster computation. We validate AFCAL using ALMA observations of the dwarf planet (1) Ceres. Additionally, we present simulation results for the asteroid (3200) Phaethon, the target of Japan’s upcoming asteroid exploration mission. AFCAL enhances the interpretation of ALMA observations, contributing to a deeper understanding of asteroid thermal properties and supporting future research in planetary science.

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Development of AFCAL: An Asteroid Flux Density Calculator for ALMA Observations

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Shigeru Takahashi,
  • Hikaru Kubota,
  • Hideo Sagawa,
  • Takashi Tsukagoshi,
  • Fumi Yoshida,
  • Junya Kawase,
  • Takahiro Iino

摘要

We developed AFCAL (An Asteroid Flux Density Calculator for ALMA Observations), Python-based software designed to simulate the brightness temperature and radio flux of asteroids using thermophysical modeling (TPM) calculations. AFCAL numerically solves the heat conduction equation while accounting for thermal radiation from subsurface layers, enabling accurate simulations. By utilizing multiprocessing, AFCAL efficiently performs TPM calculations for each facet of a polygonal-shaped model, fully leveraging all CPU cores for faster computation. We validate AFCAL using ALMA observations of the dwarf planet (1) Ceres. Additionally, we present simulation results for the asteroid (3200) Phaethon, the target of Japan’s upcoming asteroid exploration mission. AFCAL enhances the interpretation of ALMA observations, contributing to a deeper understanding of asteroid thermal properties and supporting future research in planetary science.