The embolization of the renal vasculature to treat kidney cancer was introduced nearly 40 years ago and has now evolved into a standard procedure in interventional radiology (Dotter et al., Radiology 114:227–230, 1975; Loffroy et al., Prog Urol 20:161–171, 2010; Fechner et al., Aktuelle Urol 39:229–233, 2008). To date, the majority of embolization procedures use a superselective approach targeting a portion of the kidney, a small tumor, or a focal vascular problem (Fechner et al., Aktuelle Urol 39:229–233, 2008). The embolization of the entire kidney, also known as angioinfarction, is usually limited to selected cases of advanced renal cancer involving the renal vein and vena cava prior to complex surgery (Klimberg et al., J Urol 133:21–24, 1985). Preprocedural imaging using modern cross-sectional imaging techniques such as MDCT or MRI and Doppler ultrasound provides the necessary structural and functional information to plan the intended procedure. Arteriography is used less often in the planning phase, but it precedes every endovascular procedure and confirms imaging findings of the noninvasive imaging studies.