In this chapter, we set out the plan for this book and present an overview of the contents of the different chapters. We discuss the general landscape for an empirical research project on the global observance of the Ten Commandments. In our increasingly multicultural, multiethnic and multipolar world system, religious communities of different denominations lament the loss of religious values commonly associated with the “Ten Commandments” in the Judeo-Christian tradition. As a society’s UNDP Human Development Index, and with it “human security”, rises, can we really set aside the “Ten Commandments”? A large proportion of empirical research on the subject, discussed in our book, argues just that, and that the retreat of religion will not lead to social disorder with increased corruption and crime. By contrast, Schumpeter (1950), foresaw the importance of moral and family values for capitalist stability. Although several researchers hinted at the necessity of empirical research on the willingness to observe the Ten Commandments, true multivariate empirical field studies on this topic have been far less frequent. To make matters worse, there is also a fundamental lack of research on the willingness to adhere to the Ten Commandments by supporters of the world’s political parties. For example, are supporters of the Republican Party in the United States more willing to obey the Ten Commandments than supporters of the Democratic Party? And what about political parties in Europe or in the global East and South?