Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) was formed in 1982, unifying four guerrilla organisations that resisted Guatemala’s military regimes. The roots of this movement trace back to the 1954 U.S.-backed coup, which ended the progressive reforms of Presidents Arévalo and Árbenz. Inspired by the Cuban Revolution, the URNG sought to overthrow the oligarchic and military rule, advocating agrarian reform, indigenous rights, and socialist policies. Throughout the Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996), the URNG expanded its rural and indigenous base, leading to brutal State repression, particularly during the 1980s. Following heavy military setbacks, the URNG shifted towards negotiation and reform, leading to the 1996 Peace Accords, which ended the war. The URNG transitioned into a political party, moderating its ideology to focus on democracy and human rights. Its history highlights the shift from armed struggle to political engagement, shaping Guatemala’s modern political landscape.