This chapter analyses the origins, development, and conclusion of the revolutionary cycle that unfolded in Latin America from 1959 to 1989. This period of armed mobilisations, inspired by the triumph of the Cuban Revolution, spread across most countries in the region within the broader international context of the Cold War. The text explores the key political and socio-economic factors that contributed to the emergence and persistence of guerrilla movements in the subcontinent, while also analysing their ideological foundations and operational strategies. Additionally, it examines state responses, marked by repression and shaped by the logic of the “internal enemy.” Finally, the chapter provides a brief overview of the various trajectories of insurgent demobilisation, ranging from extermination and military defeat to peace negotiations and political integration.