In this chapter, we analyse a guerrilla group, the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, which is barely mentioned in the existing literature on political violence in Peru. Using our own documentary sources, produced by the MRTA, and other valuable sources, such as the report produced by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in 2003, we attempt to present some unique elements of this revolutionary organisation. After tracing its origins, we will look at how it adapted to the complex context of the Peruvian armed conflict, analysing its repertoires of violence, its ideological foundations and the process of its increased armed prominence, centred in the mid-eighties. Likewise, the gradual weakening of the organisation and the way in which it finally disappeared are studied, inseparable from the episode of violence that took place in the mid-nineties with the taking of the Japanese embassy in Peru and which was resolved by means of the controversial Operation Chavín de Huantar.