This work aims to analyze the different ways in which people and non-human animals relate to each other over time in the Sierras Centrales (Córdoba, Argentina). An interdisciplinary perspective prevails in this proposal, based on the use of methodological tools from ethnozoology, history, and archaeology. Ethnozoology focuses on the study of the Local Ecological Knowledge of the present-day rural communities of La Playa and Los Gigantes and surrounding areas. Emphasis will be placed on how people and animals engage in dialogue, as they are the result of inherited worlds that have been reinterpreted in the present. We believe that this analysis enables us to investigate the possible relationships that both beings constructed in the pre-Hispanic past of Córdoba (ca. 700–1544 AD) through the study of their materiality. Archaeologically, zoomorphic iconography present in different objects like clay figurines, rock art, and bone instruments is analyzed. As a complementary perspective, historical data provided by the National Folklore Survey conducted in 1921 will be incorporated. This documentary source also enables further exploration and understanding of the role of non-human animals in the beliefs and knowledge of rural communities in the area during the early twentieth century. An interdisciplinary perspective allows tracing over time the dialogue between humans and non-human animals, in which landscapes and objects played a central role. It is the emphasis placed on this dialogue that allows us to understand this link between agents as constructions that are inherited and reproduced generation after generation.