Narrative and discourse analysis are essential approaches in modern research, connecting individual experiences with broader cultural norms and power relations. This chapter offers an in-depth examination of these methodologies, illustrating their ability to analyze the formation, negotiation, and distribution of meaning in human communication. Narrative analysis reveals how personal and communal tales impact identity, memory, and cultural values. In contrast, discourse analysis examines the overarching language and ideological structures that uphold power dynamics and form societal perspectives. This approach, rooted in substantial theoretical traditions from Propp, Foucault, and Bruner, clarifies these techniques’ historical development and transdisciplinary significance. Narrative analysis elucidates the lived experiences of individuals and societies, uncovering the complex mechanisms of identity development and meaning construction. Simultaneously, discourse analysis dissects language utilization within institutional and cultural frameworks, revealing the foundational beliefs and power dynamics that influence social discourses. This chapter also explores innovative breakthroughs, like artificial intelligence and multimodal tools, which enhance the analytical capacities of these approaches. Including ethical considerations and methodological precision underscores the transformational capacity of story and discourse analysis in tackling intricate global issues. These approaches are essential for enhancing academic research, promoting critical insights, and guiding multidisciplinary studies in a progressively linked world.