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In a rapidly urbanizing and globalized world, cities have been catalysts for the spread of infectious diseases (Sharifi and Khavarian-Garmsir 2020; Alirol et al. 2011) and epicenters of pandemics, such as the H1N1 influenza and the more recent COVID-19 outbreak. Many common characteristics of cities, such as congestion with unequal access to green spaces and walkable public spaces, as well as a constant decrease in the biodiversity of living environments, cause a severe threat to the management of future pandemic outbreaks and thus pose a challenge to human and societal welfare.

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Introduction

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Helka-Liisa Hentilä,
  • Aale Luusua,
  • Emilia Rönkkö,
  • Annukka Sailo,
  • Anna Suorsa

摘要

In a rapidly urbanizing and globalized world, cities have been catalysts for the spread of infectious diseases (Sharifi and Khavarian-Garmsir 2020; Alirol et al. 2011) and epicenters of pandemics, such as the H1N1 influenza and the more recent COVID-19 outbreak. Many common characteristics of cities, such as congestion with unequal access to green spaces and walkable public spaces, as well as a constant decrease in the biodiversity of living environments, cause a severe threat to the management of future pandemic outbreaks and thus pose a challenge to human and societal welfare.