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With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, new paradigms are introduced to overcome their increasing complexity. One such paradigm is the Multi-Agent System (MAS), which consists of highly autonomous, reactive, and self-organizing agents. Many MAS frameworks exist but suffer from fragmentation and limit agents’ interoperability, which remains a highly-discussed problem. Additionally, integrating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) into MASs remains complex, limiting their physical applicability. In this paper, we present Web of Multi-Agent Things (WoMAT), a novel concept to directly include the W3C Web of Things (WoT) standard into agent-to-agent communication. Our method leverages the standardized interoperability of WoT to seamlessly integrate heterogeneous MASs with each other and into CPSs while preserving their autonomy, decentralized coordination, and the expressive reasoning capabilities provided by AgentSpeak programming. We propose a systematic mapping between WoT Interaction Affordances (IAs) and AgentSpeak performatives, enabling agents to interact directly with diverse CPSs and exchange knowledge with other agents independent of the underlying communication protocols. Furthermore, our approach enables semantic interoperability between heterogeneous agents and CPSs by utilizing the descriptive powers of ontology-enriched WoT Thing Descriptions. We provide an open-source implementation of our methodology, integrated with the JaCoMo framework for agent programming. Using multiple scenarios, we demonstrate and evaluate our approach and show that our method leverages MASs to be a more viable solution on the cyber-physical edge.

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Interoperable Cyber-Physical Multi-Agent Systems Through Web of Things

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Roman Binkert,
  • Fady Salama,
  • Ege Korkan,
  • Sebastian Käbisch,
  • Sebastian Steinhorst

摘要

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) systems, new paradigms are introduced to overcome their increasing complexity. One such paradigm is the Multi-Agent System (MAS), which consists of highly autonomous, reactive, and self-organizing agents. Many MAS frameworks exist but suffer from fragmentation and limit agents’ interoperability, which remains a highly-discussed problem. Additionally, integrating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) into MASs remains complex, limiting their physical applicability. In this paper, we present Web of Multi-Agent Things (WoMAT), a novel concept to directly include the W3C Web of Things (WoT) standard into agent-to-agent communication. Our method leverages the standardized interoperability of WoT to seamlessly integrate heterogeneous MASs with each other and into CPSs while preserving their autonomy, decentralized coordination, and the expressive reasoning capabilities provided by AgentSpeak programming. We propose a systematic mapping between WoT Interaction Affordances (IAs) and AgentSpeak performatives, enabling agents to interact directly with diverse CPSs and exchange knowledge with other agents independent of the underlying communication protocols. Furthermore, our approach enables semantic interoperability between heterogeneous agents and CPSs by utilizing the descriptive powers of ontology-enriched WoT Thing Descriptions. We provide an open-source implementation of our methodology, integrated with the JaCoMo framework for agent programming. Using multiple scenarios, we demonstrate and evaluate our approach and show that our method leverages MASs to be a more viable solution on the cyber-physical edge.