The crux of the matter in today’s environmental discourse is the need for effective and innovative waste management strategies for increasing the meet of exponentially rising population. As pollution caused due to ignorance to correctly handle waste by us has led to massive climate changes. This negligence has led to severe environmental issues globally, including floods in India and its neighbouring countries, extreme rainfall in Southeast Asia, droughts in sub-Saharan Africa, forest fires in Australia and the Amazon, air pollution in urban centres like Beijing and Delhi, and rising global temperatures. Additionally, these environmental challenges have exacerbated contamination-related problems and diseases, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable waste management solutions. All these drastic events occurring around the globe is heavily affecting the global economy and loss of unimaginable downfall of finances and families. With an average annual growth rate of 4%, India presently produces 62 million tonnes of waste annually, comprising both recyclable and non-recyclable materials, according to the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change. According to projections made by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the quantity of municipal solid trash produced worldwide is expected to rise from 2.1 billion tonnes in 2023 to 3.8 billion tonnes by 2050. These facts strongly advocate that conventional and informal methods are falling behind and are not able to keep up with the demands of effective waste regulation with the exponential increase in population. This chapter explores various conventional and informal approaches, their short comings, new strategies, and innovation technologies implemented to improve the management of agricultural waste like rice straw for the development of cellulose-based polymers. These novel strategies not only mitigate environmental impact but also promote economic and social benefits, paving the way for a cleaner and more sustainable future.