Drosophila has long served as a model system for studying spindle assembly and chromosome segregation in female oocyte meiosis. Drosophila has the benefits of powerful genetics and cytology, along with striking similarities to mammals, including an extended prophase, acentrosomal spindle assembly, and programmed arrest points. This chapter reviews advances in understanding the mechanisms that regulate meiotic spindle assembly and organization in the oocyte meiotic cell divisions, which is critical for accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes. We review several topics that are fundamental to oocyte meiosis, including the regulation of acentrosomal spindle assembly, kinetochore assembly, the meiotic central spindle, the involvement of microtubule-associated motor proteins and spindle pole proteins, the mechanisms of kinetochore attachments to microtubules, force generation and chromosome segregation, and the role of cytoskeletal elements. Finally, we speculate on significant unsolved questions, future prospects, and emerging technologies in the study of oocyte meiotic spindles.