Analysing the neoliberal form of the capitalist state and its transformations in the specificity of Turkey, or more precisely understanding the present, requires a focus on the major junctures in state–society relations. For this reason, this chapter deals with the economic-political-social-ideological phenomena and dynamics that brought the AKP to power as a single party: (1) the transition to neoliberalismthe transition to neoliberalism with the military coupMilitary coup and the incomplete institutionalisation of neoliberalism under the single-party rule of the Motherland PartyMotherland Party (Anavatan Partisi; ANAPANAP), and (2) the neoliberalisation that stalled under the coalition governments that followed. The pre-AKP neoliberal period was marked by three years of military rule and a following eight years of ANAP governments, which came to power in the post-military ruling environment of the politics of depoliticisation, where all social opposition and political struggles were silenced.