Climate change, driven by global warming, has significant negative impacts on most African countries, including reduced agricultural productivity due to the emergence of new diseases and pests, as well as frequent and prolonged droughts, among other climatic variations. Approximately 20% of Africa’s Gross Domestic Product comes from the agricultural sector, making it the backbone of many African economies. Measures have been adopted to combat climate change both at the national and global levels through treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Many African countries are establishing mechanisms to catalyze the transition to a green economy. Among the various strategies, agroforestry (AF) holds great potential for mitigating climate change while tapping into carbon (C) markets. This review explores the potential of AF as an entry point into C markets for African countries. The introduction outlines the main agroforestry systems (AFS) in Africa and their potential benefits for farmers and countries at large. The chapter further examines the challenges facing different AFS and the key factors influencing the adoption of AF in Africa. It concludes by discussing the sustainability of AF in the context of population growth, which has significantly reduced land holdings available for agricultural productivity. The chapter also explores the potential of AF as a climate action strategy, discusses C emission trends in Africa, and examines the impact of climate change on various sectors. Additionally, it highlights different initiatives and mechanisms that African countries are exploring as climate change mitigation measures. Notable greening initiatives, such as Kenya’s 15 billion tree planting initiative, are also featured. The carbon sequestration (Cseq) potential of different AFS is reviewed. The third section delves into C markets and how African countries can tap into these markets through the expansion of AF. It discusses the types of C markets and their respective challenges. Furthermore, the review covers laws, treaties, and policies governing climate action and C markets, and provides an overview of the Africa Carbon Market Initiative (ACMI). The contribution of AF to meeting African Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets is outlined. Finally, the chapter offers an in-depth analysis of current C credit projects in Africa, providing insights into how smallholder AF farmers can access C markets.