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This paper examines how to identify Information Flow Bottlenecks during a full-scale Emergency Management (EM) exercise involving a vessel collision off Norway's shore, necessitating collaboration between emergency responders and municipalities. It also investigates factors that amplify or mitigate these. Using surveys, qualitative interviews, and socio-technical network mapping, the paper identifies key barriers and analyse the interplay between Norway's collaborative SAMVIRKE doctrine and the structured Command and Control (C2) approach. It proposes a research model that employs an explorative framework to identify Information Trading Zones (ITZ), categorizing information trading into Enforced, Fractionated, Shared Representation, and Subversive zones. The impact of information exchanges in each zone on the Common Operational Picture (COP) and, consequently, Situational Awareness (SA) is explored, revealing how different information trading dynamics influence crisis response effectiveness. Through findings, the paper offers recommendations for enhancing information flow, balancing SAMVIRKE's collaborative ethos with C2's structure, and potentially improving COP presentation, thus contributing to more effective EM operations.

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Identifying Bottlenecks for Information Flow with an Explorative Information Trading Zone Framework in Emergency Management

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Kjetil Rustenberg

摘要

This paper examines how to identify Information Flow Bottlenecks during a full-scale Emergency Management (EM) exercise involving a vessel collision off Norway's shore, necessitating collaboration between emergency responders and municipalities. It also investigates factors that amplify or mitigate these. Using surveys, qualitative interviews, and socio-technical network mapping, the paper identifies key barriers and analyse the interplay between Norway's collaborative SAMVIRKE doctrine and the structured Command and Control (C2) approach. It proposes a research model that employs an explorative framework to identify Information Trading Zones (ITZ), categorizing information trading into Enforced, Fractionated, Shared Representation, and Subversive zones. The impact of information exchanges in each zone on the Common Operational Picture (COP) and, consequently, Situational Awareness (SA) is explored, revealing how different information trading dynamics influence crisis response effectiveness. Through findings, the paper offers recommendations for enhancing information flow, balancing SAMVIRKE's collaborative ethos with C2's structure, and potentially improving COP presentation, thus contributing to more effective EM operations.