Third Reading: Pym’s Triumph
摘要
This chapter initially focuses on the Third Reading—the final vote on the EC Bill in the House of Commons—before providing an overall assessment of how the whipping operation proved so successful during the legislative process. With the Bill’s passage a formality in the House of Lords, the Government majority in the House of Commons on Third Reading paved the way for UK accession to the EC in January 1973. The whipping operation was instrumental in securing this outcome in the face of persistent anti-Marketeer opposition from the Labour Party frontbench and a diehard minority of prominent Conservative backbenchers. The chapter offers an overview of the legislative process, with a comparative analysis of the voting behaviour, and relative persistence of dissent, exhibited by the 39 Conservative and Unionist anti-Marketeers during the passage of the EC Bill. It includes an appraisal of three distinct groups—persistent dissenters, inconsistent dissenters and consistent loyalists—and demonstrates how the whips were able to exploit the vulnerability of dissenters to pressure, persuasion and the pull of party loyalty during critical periods of the legislative process. The chapter also includes an evaluation of the relative party loyalty of the most persistent dissenters, such as Enoch Powell and Neil Marten, by examining whether they fully conformed to the code of loyal dissent. It concludes by locating the European issue within a wider outbreak of intra-party Conservative dissent from 1972 onwards, while considering the extent to which anti-Marketeers were reconciled to their party’s policies and the UK’s membership of the European Community.